An insight into the clinical learning environment of dental institutes: a study in the twin cities of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceptions of dental students regarding their clinical learning environment in an urban setting. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2020 to May 2021 after approval from the ethics review committee of Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan. It comprised of clinical year students, house officers and postgraduate trainees from 6 dental teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected using a pre-validated instrument assessing the dental clinical learning environment. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. RESULTS: Of the 1030 students approached, 561(54.4%) responded. Of them, 448(80%) were girls, 234(41.7%) were 3rd year students, 110(19.6%) were 4th year students, 120(21.4%) were house officers and 97(17.3%) were postgraduate trainees. Female students had a better patient attitude and were more confident in their abilities to keep up with their peers (p<0.05). The students were content with the performance of their clinical teachers, with a mean score of 70.99+/-16.0, while the lowest score of 54.67+/-22.9 was for clinical infrastructure and materials. Students of Islamabad pointed out the lack of clinical materials and maintenance of equipment but noted better research opportunities compared to their Rawalpindi counterparts (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical learning environment for Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities individually was good. Overall, students were satisfied with their clinical teachers, learning and training experience. Dental materials, infrastructure and maintenance factors scored the lowest.

La evaluación en el posgrado mediante la educación a distancia durante la COVID-19 / Postgraduate evaluation through distance learning during COVID-19

Fundamento: La implementación de la educación a distancia en el posgrado durante la COVID-19 constituye una alternativa del sistema de educación superior cubana. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la evaluación en el posgrado, mediante la modalidad de educación a distancia durante el tercer rebrote de la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal entre junio y julio de 2021, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Se consideraron como unidades de análisis: unidades didácticas, estudiantes (residentes), la población estuvo constituida por los 146 residentes que cursaban el 1.er año de la especialidad, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria (n= 96). Se estudiaron las variables resultados de las evaluaciones de cada unidad didáctica y general del módulo (excelente, bien, regular y mal), grado de dificultad (muy difícil, difícil y sin dificultad) y nivel de satisfacción (satisfecho, medianamente satisfecho e insatisfecho). Como instrumento de medición se empleó el registro de evaluación y de entrevista, respectivamente. Se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: Más del 70 % de los residentes evaluados se encontró en la categoría de bien sin dificultad, estando satisfechos con la modalidad de educación a distancia. Conclusiones: Predominaron los resultados de "excelente" solo en la unidad didáctica 1 y de "bien" en la evaluación final del módulo. La unidad didáctica de "mayor dificultad" resultó ser la 2. La mayor cantidad de residentes refirió estar satisfecho con la modalidad de educación a distancia en el posgrado.

Background: The implementation of distance education at the postgraduate level during COVID-19 represents an alternative in the Cuban higher education system. Objective: To describe the results of the evaluation in posgrado, through the educational modality at distance during the third regrowth of the pandemic of COVID-19. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted between June and July 2021 at the Faculty of Stomatology, University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba. The following units of analysis were considered: teaching units, students (residents), the population consisted of 146 residents in the first year of specialization, a random sample was selected (n= 96). The variables studied were the results of the evaluations of each didactic unit and the general evaluation of the module (excellent, good, fair, and poor), level of difficulty (very difficult, difficult, and no difficulty), and level of satisfaction (satisfied, moderately satisfied, and dissatisfied). The evaluation and interview registers were used as measurement instruments, respectively, and the percentage was used as a summary measure. Results: More than 70% of the residents evaluated were in the good without difficulty category and were satisfied with the distance learning modality. Conclusions: The results "excellent" predominated only in didactic unit 1 and "good" in the final evaluation of the module. The "most difficult" didactic unit was didactic unit 2. Most residents were satisfied with the distance learning modality in the postgraduate program.

Análise do financiamento de pesquisas em Endodontia apresentadas nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica: revisão bibliométrica / Análisis de financiamiento para investigaciones en Endodoncia presentado en las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Brasileña de Investigaciones Dentales: revisión bibliométrica / Analysis of research funding in Endodontics presented at the annual meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research: bibliometric review

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica em Endodontia apresentada nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO), avaliando suas principais fontes de financiamento. Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo analisando os resumos publicados nos anais da SBPqO em um período de 10 anos (2011 a 2021), em todas as categorias. Para a coleta de dados foramutilizadas as palavras-chave "Endodontia", "canal radicular", "tratamento endodôntico", "forame apical" e "polpa dental". A extração dos dados foi realizada por dois avaliadores independentes, que identificaram 2534resumos. Com relação à distribuição de financiamento,foi possível observar que 33,93 % (n=860) dos estudos foram financiados. Dentre as agências de fomento que mais financiaram foram a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) (n=211; 24,53%) e o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (n=163; 18,95%), que são instituições de financiamento nacionais. Ao analisar a distribuição geográfica dos financiamentos observou-se que o Sudeste deteve 72,45% (n=270), sendo o estado de São Paulo o que mais recebeu incentivo (56,68%, n=211). Aregião Norte foi a que recebeu menor número de financiamentos. Na análise proporcional (quantidade de trabalhos financiados e presença de Programas de Pós-graduação em Odontologia por região), o Sudeste apresentou 3,87 financiamentos por programa . Durante a década avaliada, as pesquisas na área de Endodontia apresentadas na SBPqO aumentaram até 2018 e, em seguida, decresceram. A maioria das pesquisas se concentrou na área temática de materiais endodônticos (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en Endodoncia presentada en las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Brasileña de Investigación Dental (SBPqO), evaluando sus principales fuentes de financiación. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo analizando los resúmenes publicados en los anales de la SBPqO durante un período de 10 años (2011 a 2021), en todas las categorías. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron las palabras clave "Endodoncia", "endodoncia", "tratamiento endodóntico", "foramen apical" y "pulpa dental". La extracción de datos fue realizada por dos evaluadores independientes, que identificaron 2534 resúmenes. En cuanto a la distribución del financiamiento, se pudo observar que el 33,93% (n=860) de los estudios fueron financiados. Entre las entidades financiadoras que aportaron mayor financiamiento se encuentran la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) (n=211; 24,53%) y el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) (n=163; 18, 95 %), que son instituciones financieras nacionales. Al analizar la distribución geográfica del financiamiento, se observó que el Sudeste poseía el 72,45%(n=207), siendo el estado de São Paulo el que recibió más incentivos (56,68%, n=211). La región Norte recibió el menor número de financiamiento. En el análisis proporcional (número de trabajos financiados y presencia de Programas de Postgrado en Odontología por región), el Sudeste presentó 3,87 financiamientos por programa. Durante la década evaluada, las investigaciones en el área de Endodoncia presentadas en la SBPqO aumentaron hasta 2018 y luego disminuyeron. La mayoría de las investigaciones se han centrado en el área temática de los materiales endodónticos (AU).

The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production in Endodontics presented at the annual meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research (SBPqO) evaluating its main sources of funding. A retrospective observational study was carried out analyzing abstracts published in the SBPqO proceedings in all categories, over a period of 10 years (2011 to 2021). For data collection, the keywords "Endodontics," "root canal," "endodontic treatment," "apical foramen," and "dental pulp" were used. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers who identified 2534 abstracts. Regarding the distribution of funding, it was observed that 33.93% (n=860) of the studies were funded. Among the funding agencies, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) (n=211; 24.53%) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (n=163; 18.95%) were the ones that provided the mostfunding, both being national funding institutions. When analyzing the geographical distribution of funding, the Southeast region accounted for 72.45% (n=270), with the state of São Paulo receiving the most support (56.68%, n=211). The North region received the lowest amount of funding. In the proportional analysis (number of funded studies and the presence of Postgraduate Programs in Dentistry by region), the Southeast presented 3.87 fundings per program. throughout the evaluated decade, research in the field of Endodontics presented at SBPqO increased until 2018 and then decreased. Most of the research focused on the thematic area of endodontic materials (AU).

Resultados de la evaluación en el posgrado mediante la educación a distancia durante la COVID-19 / Postgraduate evaluation results through distance education during COVID-19

RESUMEN Fundamento: la implementación de la educación a distancia durante el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del posgrado en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19, constituye una alternativa del sistema de educación superior a nivel mundial. Objetivo: describir los resultados obtenidos en el Módulo 7, Atención al menor de 19 años I, mediante la modalidad de educación a distancia durante el tercer rebrote de la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal entre junio y julio de 2021, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Se consideraron como unidades de análisis: unidades didácticas, estudiantes(residentes). Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria (n= 96). Se estudiaron las variables resultados de las evaluaciones de cada unidad didáctica y general del módulo (excelente, bien, regular y mal), grado de dificultad (muy difícil, difícil y sin dificultad) y nivel de satisfacción (satisfecho, medianamente satisfecho e insatisfecho). Como instrumento de medición se empleó el registro de evaluación y entrevista. Se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: más del 50 % de los residentes evaluados se encontró en la categoría de bien sin ninguna dificultad, estando satisfechos con la modalidad de educación a distancia empleada. Conclusiones la implementación de la educación a distancia durante la situación sanitaria de pandemia, en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral es una oportunidad para desarrollar el proceso docente educativo en el posgrado.

ABSTRACT Foundation: The implementation of the education at distance during the process of teaching learning of the posgrado in the current context of the pandemic COVID-19, constitutes an alternative from the system of superior education to world level. Objective: to describe the results obtained in the Module 7 Attention to the smaller than 19 years I, by means of the education modality at distance during the third rebrote of the Pandemic of COVID -19. Methodology: he/she was carried out a descriptive traverse observational study between June and July of 2021, in the Ability of Estomatología of the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago from Cuba. They were considered as analysis units: didactic units, students (residents), a random sample was selected (n = 96). The variables results of the evaluations of each didactic and general unit of the module (excellent, well, regular and bad), grade of difficulty (very difficult, difficult and without difficulty) and level of satisfaction (satisfied, fairly satisfied and unsatisfied) were studied. As mensuration instrument evaluation registration was used and of interview, respectively. It was used the percentage like summary measure. Results: more than 50% of the evaluated residents it was in the category of well without any difficulty, being satisfied with the education modality at distance employee. Conclusions the implementation of the education at distance during the sanitary current situation in the specialty of EGI is an opportunity to develop the educational process in the posgrado.

Factores limitantes del rendimiento académico en residentes de la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral

RESUMEN Fundamento Los resultados académicos tienen gran relevancia en la etapa de postgrado del profesional de la salud, al ser determinantes en su ubicación laboral y excelencia en el desempeño profesional. Por ello, resulta provechoso el estudio de los factores que pudieran limitar el rendimiento académico en dicho contexto. Objetivo caracterizar los factores limitantes del desempeño académico de los residentes de Estomatología General Integral durante los exámenes de promoción. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con la participación de residentes (n=29) de la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral, en el periodo de examen de promoción en los meses de junio (para segundo año) y julio (para primer año) de 2020, en el municipio de Campechuela, provincia de Granma. Se aplicaron cuestionario y entrevista a residentes y profesores del tribunal examinador, respectivamente. Se incluyeron como variables del estudio elementos intrísecos y extrínsecos, la situación socio-éconómica y las manifestaciones de estrés. Resultados el 82,76 % identificó a la falta de sistematicidad en el estudio como elemento responsable de los resultados negativos; y el 100 % refirió haber sentido ansiedad, cansancio o agotamiento; en este aspecto, el tribunal constató ansiedad en el 100 % de los residentes, y cansancio o agotamiento en el 79,31 %. Conclusión cuestiones como el nivel económico bajo, y la convivencia con personas enfermas resultaron de las más frecuentes entre las percibidas como factores limitantes del rendimiento académico; sin embargo, otros elementos de carácter subjetivo y mejorables a través del esfuerzo individual, se mostraron en mayor medida aún.

ABSTRACT Background The academic results have great relevance in the postgraduate stage of the health professional, as they are determinant in their work location and excellence in professional performance. Therefore, it is useful to study the factors that could limit academic performance in this context. Objective to characterize the limiting factors of the Comprehensive General Stomatology residents academic performance during the promotion test. Methods a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, with the participation of residents (n=29) of the Comprehensive General Stomatology specialty, during the promotion examination in June (for the second year) and July (for the first year) of 2020, in the Campechuela municipality, Granma province. Questionnaire and interview were applied to residents and professors of the examining board, respectively. Intrinsic and extrinsic elements, socioeconomic status, and stress manifestations were included as study variables. Results 82.76% identified the lack of systematicity in the study as the element responsible for the negative results; and 100 % reported having felt anxiety, tiredness or exhaustion; in this regard, the court found anxiety in 100 % of the residents, and tiredness or exhaustion in 79.31 %. Conclusion issues such as low economic level, and living with sick people were the most frequent among those perceived as limiting factors of academic performance; however, other subjective elements that could be improved through individual effort were shown to an even greater extent.

Trajetória de educação na pós-graduação e atuação profissional de egressos de Odontologia: uma análise de doze anos (2007 a 2019) / Patterns of further education and employment of dental graduates: a twelve-year analysis from 2007 to 2019

Avaliar a trajetória de graduados em Odontologia é importante para garantir o alinhamento adequado dos currículos odontológicos às necessidades da sociedade. Este estudo observacional transversal descritivo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico-familiar e a trajetória de educação na pós-graduação e de atuação profissional de cirurgiões-dentistas egressos de universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. Foram convidados a participar do estudo todos os egressos que concluíram a graduação em Odontologia nesta universidade, entre 2007 e 2019. A coleta de dados aconteceupelo autopreenchimento de instrumento semiestruturado online, pré-testado, organizado em três dimensões (perfil sociodemográfico-familiar, educação na pós-graduação e atuação profissional). Aanálise das questões objetivas foi realizada por estatísticas descritivas e as abertas pela análise temática de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 245 cirurgiões-dentistas (percentual de resposta: 25,7%). A maioria eram mulheres (68,6%), com 26 a 32 anos (73,9%), solteiros (71,4%), sem filhos (92,7%), naturais (51,4%) e residentes (59,2%) na cidade onde cursaram Odontologia e trabalham (67,5). A renda pessoal mensal foi de 5 a 10 saláriosmínimos (36,7%). Atuam na Odontologia (97,1%) e estão satisfeitos com a profissão (79,6%). Realizaram ou estão realizando cursos de pós-graduação (94,3%), concluídos em até três anos após a graduação (58%), principalmente especialização (62,8%), nas áreas de Saúde Coletiva, Ortodontia e Implantodontia. Setor privado mostrou-seo maior empregador dos cirurgiões-dentistas (60,8%), entretanto, a atuação no serviço público cresceu entre os egressos de 2010-2019 (2,4% para 20,7%). Estudos de acompanhamento destes egressos são recomendados para avaliação do curso e das demandas/desafios contextuais que caracterizam a profissão de cirurgião-dentista no Brasil (AU).

The assessment of dental graduates' trajectory over time is important to ensure a proper alignment of dental curricula with the needs of society. This cross-sectional, observational anddescriptivestudy aimed at characterizing the sociodemographic profile, the postgraduateeducation choices,and the employment pattern of dental graduates from a publicuniversity in the South region of Brazil. Dental graduates from 2007 to 2019 were invited to participate via e-mail. The survey was self-administered and hosted online. The content of the surveyencompassed three main spheres of interest-sociodemographic profile, postgraduateeducation choices, and employment pattern. Atotalof245 graduates participated in the study(response rate of 25.7%). The majority were women(68.6%), aged 26 to 32 years old (73.9%), single (71.4%), without children (92.7%), born (51.4%) and residing(59.2%) inPorto Alegre, the city in which the university is located and where they work (67.5%). Monthly income reported was 5 to 10 times the minimum wage (36.7%). Most participantswere activelyworkingin Dentistry (97.1%) and weresatisfied with the dental profession (79.6%). The majority attendedor is currently enrolled in postgraduatecourses (94.3%), completedwithin three years after graduation, mainlyspecialization courses (62.8%), in the areas of Public Health, Orthodontics and Implantology. Most reported to be working in the private sector (60.8%). However, there was an increase in employmentin the public sector among those who graduatedbetween2010and 2019compared to 2007-2008(from 2.4% to 20.7%). Fundamentally, the continuing assessment of dental graduates' path and perceptions is essential to better adjust and shape dental curricula in the future (AU).

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de pós-graduação em Odontologia: uma análise por meio dos domínios do WHOQOL-bref / Quality of life of postgraduate students in Dentistry: an analysis through the WHOQOL-bref domains

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida(QV)dosestudantesdepós-graduação em Odontologiapor meiodos domínios do World Health Organization Questionnaire for Quality of Life-bref (WHOQOL-bref). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 88 estudantes matriculados em um programa de pós-graduação em Odontologia. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e agosto de 2015, incluindoinformações sociodemográficas e um questionário de qualidade de vida, o WHOQOL-bref. Foi realizada associação dasinformações sociodemográficas com os domínios do questionário utilizadoe análise bivariada,seguida domodelo de regressão logística multinominal, sendo considerado significativo p<0,05. A maioria (55,7%)dos estudantesforam classificados na categoria "satisfação" quanto à qualidade de vida. Entre osdomínios, omaior escore encontrado foi paraRelações Sociais (15,23 ± 2,72),e o menorparao Físico (12,82 ± 1,56). Houve associação dafrequência da prática religiosa (p=0,046) e do ano da pós-graduação (p=0,025) com o domínio Físico; o sexo (p=0,016) e considerar-se religioso (p=0,008) com o domínio Psicológico; e o estado civil com os domínios Relações Sociais (p=0,017) e Meio Ambiente (p=0,008). A QVdos estudantes de pós-graduação em Odontologia foi mensurada na região de satisfação, podendo ser influenciada por fatores como religiosidade, ano da pós-graduação, sexo e estado civil (AU).

The objective of the study was to assessthe quality of life (QoL) of postgraduate students in Dentistry through the domains of the World Health Organization Questionnaire for Quality of Life-bref(WHOQOL-bref). This is a cross-sectional study, with 88 students enrolled in a postgraduate program in Dentistry. Data were collected between June and August 2015, including sociodemographic information and a quality of life questionnaire, the WHOQOL-bref. Sociodemographic information was associated with the domains of the questionnaire used. Bivariate analysis, followed by the multinomial logistic regression model were carried out, with p <0.05 being considered significant. The majority (55.7%) of students were classified in the "satisfaction" category interms of quality of life. In the domains, the highestscore found was in Social Relations (15.23 ± 2.72), and the lowest, in Physical (12.82 ± 1.56). There was an association between the frequency of religious practice (p=0.046) and the year of postgraduate school (p=0.025) with the Physical domain; gender(p 0.016) and consider yourself religious (p=0.008) with the Psychological domain; and marital status with the Social Relations (p=0.017) and Environment (p = 0.008) domains. The QoL of postgraduate students in Dentistry was measured in the region of satisfaction, which can be influenced by factors such as religiosity, year of graduation, genderand marital status (AU).

Perfil dos endodontistas de uma metrópole brasileira quanto ao atendimento odontológico a pacientes com necessidades especiais / Profile of endodontists in a Brazilian metropolis regarding dental care for patients with special needs

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil dos endodontistas do estado de São Paulo, Brasil em relação ao tratamento odontológico depacientes com necessidades especiais (PNE). Um questionário onlinesobre capacitação do profissional e dados sobre o atendimento odontológico de PNEfoi enviado para 3.500 endodontistas registrados no Conselho Regional de Odontologia de São Paulo. Dentre os 138 profissionais que retornaram, 57,2% eram do sexo feminino; 34,8% estavam na faixa etária entre 31e 40 anos; 42,8% tinham entre 11 e20 anos de formados; e 38,4% possuíam 11 a 20 anos de especialidade. Apenas 22,5% eram capacitados para o atendimento de PNE, sendo que desses, 58,1% tiveram apenas aula teórica. Dos que não receberam capacitação na pós-graduação, 80,4% gostariam de ter recebido. Com relação ao interesse em cursos de atendimento a PNE após a especialização, observou-se que apenas 15,9% realizaram algum tipo de curso, a maioria apenas teórico. Em relação às dificuldades durante o atendimento de PNEa "falta de colaboração do paciente durante o atendimento" foi citada por 74,6%, a "insegurança devido àfalta de preparo profissional" por 55,0%. A análise da associação das variáveis pelo teste Qui-quadrado apontou que quanto maior o tempo de formação, menor essa dificuldade (p=0,0415). Os especialistas encontram mais dificuldades comparados aos que tem formação associada (mestrado e doutorado) (p=0,0369). Não houve associação significativa entre as dificuldades e o tipo de instituição de formação(pública ou privada) (p>0,05). O panorama atual da formação do endodontista não contempla o atendimento as pessoas com necessidades especiais (AU).

The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of endodontic professionals from the state of São Paulo, Brazil in relation to dental treatment for patients with special needs (PSN). An online questionnaire on professional training and data on PSN dental care was sent to 3,500 endodontic professionals registered with the São Paulo Regional Dental Council in 2017. Of the 138 returning professionals, 57.2% were female; 34.8% aged 31-40 years; 42.8% had 11-20 years since graduation; 38.4% had 11-20 years of endodontic specialization. Only 22.5% were trained to provide dental care to PSNs and of these, 58.1% had only theoretical classes. Of those who did not receive post-graduation training, 80.4% would like to have received it. Regarding the interest in PSN care courses after specialization, it was observed that only 15.9% performed some type of course, most of them theoretical only. Regarding difficulties during PSN care, "lack of patient collaboration during care" was mentioned by 74.6%, and "insecurity due to lack of professional preparation" by 55.0%. The analysis of the association of variables by the Chi-square test showed that the longer the training time, the lower the difficulty during PSN care (p=0.0415). Specialists find more difficulties compared to those with associated training (masters and doctorate) (p=0.0369). There was no significant association between difficulties in PSN care and typeof HEI (public or private) (p> 0.05). The current panorama of endodontic professional training does not seem to include care for patients with special needs (AU).

Dental students' preference and perception on intraoral scanning and impression making.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the preference and perception on intraoral scanning and impression making among dental students. METHODS: Final-year dental students from the 2019 and 2020 cohorts were invited to complete an online questionnaire via Google-Form. Their preference on the intraoral-scanning/impression making techniques and their perception on these techniques including the ease of defect identification, ease of infection control, need of chairside support, ease to master the technique as a beginner, efficiency in their hands and ease to handle the scanner software (yes/no) were collected. The results were analysed using McNemar tests and binary logistic regression test. All tests were performed at significance level α = 0.05. RESULTS: Ninety-seven students participated in this study with a response rate of 96.0 %. Eighty-one students (83.5 %) have tried intraoral scanning on peers. Fifty-three (54.6 %) students preferred intraoral-scanning and were categorized as Pro-scanning group. Forty-four (45.4 %) students either preferred impression-making (n = 21) or not sure (n = 23) were categorized as Others. More than half of students in both groups felt that intraoral-scanning is easier to identify defect, easier in infection control and require less chairside support. Higher proportion of students in the Pro-scanning group felt that intraoral-scanning requires less chairside support, easier to master as a beginner, more efficient in their hands and they can deal well with the scanner software than that in Others (P < 0.05). Regression shown that students preferred a technique that they perceived is more efficient (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: While intraoral scanning has perceived advantages, many students still prefer impression making that works more efficient to them.

Educación a distancia de la maestría Atención Estomatológica Comunitaria durante el periodo de COVID-19 / E-learning of the Community Dental Care master's degree during COVID-19

RESUMEN Fundamento: Mantener las formas organizativas de la formación académica con métodos alternativos es una necesidad en los momentos actuales debido a la difícil situación que ha impuesto la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo: Describir las modalidades de educación a distancia utilizadas en la maestría Atención Estomatológica Comunitaria en tiempos de la pandemia COVID-19. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus entre marzo y junio de 2020 con la aplicación de métodos del nivel teórico (analítico-sintético; inductivo-deductivo) y empírico (análisis de documentos). Resultados: El correo electrónico, el intercambio de medios electrónicos de almacenamiento, la vía telefónica, el grupo de WhatsApp y la autopreparación fueron las principales modalidades implementadas en las condiciones de restricción de movilidad y distanciamiento social que impuso la situación epidemiológica actual. Conclusiones: Las modalidades de educación a distancia utilizadas permitieron contextualizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la maestría a los tiempos de pandemia.

ABSTRACT Background: At present to maintain the structural forms of academic training with alternative methods is essential due to the difficult situation imposed by COVID-19. Objective: To describe the e-learning modalities used in the Community Dental Care master's degree in times of COVID-19. Methodology: A descriptive research was conducted at the Sancti Spíritus University of Medical Sciences between March and June 2020 with the application of theoretical (analytical-synthetic; inductive-deductive) and empirical (document analysis) methods. Results: E-mail, the exchange of electronic storage media, the telephone, the WhatsApp group and self-preparation were the main modalities implemented in the conditions of mobility restriction and social distance imposed by the current epidemiological situation. Conclusions: The e-learning modalities used allowed contextualizing the teaching-learning process of the master's degree to the times of pandemic.

El estrés académico, estresores, síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento en residentes de Estomatología General Integral / Academic stress, stressors, symptoms and coping strategies in residents of Comprehensive General Dentistry

RESUMEN Fundamento: los residentes de Estomatología enfrentan situaciones que provocan tensiones emocionales generadoras de estrés académico, con consecuencias negativas para el proceso de aprendizaje en el posgrado. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de estrés académico y el comportamiento de sus tres componentes en residentes de primero y segundo años de Estomatología General Integral. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal entre enero-marzo de 2020. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis- síntesis, inducción-deducción e histórico-lógico; empíricos: inventario SISCO de estrés académico. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la estadística descriptiva y fueron presentados en tablas usando como medida de tendencia central la media aritmética. Resultados: las cifras de la media general de estrés académico para los residentes de ambos años correspondió a un nivel severo. Los principales estresores identificados por ellos fueron: "Participación en clase" y "La evaluación de los profesores"; los síntomas más frecuentes referidos: "Trastornos en el sueño" y "Desgano para realizar las labores estudiantiles" y la estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada resultó: "Ventilación o confidencias (verbalización de la situación que me preocupa)". Conclusiones: se determinó un nivel severo de estrés académico en residentes de Estomatología General Integral, lo que induce a la búsqueda de soluciones que incrementen la satisfacción con la especialidad ya que puede afectar su futuro desempeño profesional durante la atención integral al individuo, la familia y la comunidad.

ABSTRACT Background: dentistry residents face situations that cause emotional tensions that generate academic stress, with negative consequences for the postgraduate learning process. Objective: to determine the level of academic stress and the behavior of its three components in residents of first and second years of Comprehensive General Dentistry. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2020. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and historical-logical; empirical ones: SISCO inventory of academic stress. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and were presented in tables using the arithmetic mean as a measure of central tendency. Results: the figures of the general mean of academic stress for the residents of both years corresponded to a severe level. The main stressors identified by them were: "Class participation" and "The teachers' evaluation"; the most frequent symptoms referred to: "Sleeping disorders" and "Reluctance to carry out student work" and the most used coping strategy was: "Ventilation or confidences (verbalization of concerning situations)". Conclusions: a severe level of academic stress was determined in residents of Comprehensive General Dentistry, which induces the search for solutions that increase satisfaction with the specialty since it can affect their future professional performance during comprehensive care to the individual, the family and the community.

Challenges and Dilemmas for Dental Undergraduate Teaching with the Advent of COVID-19

ABSTRACT Since the 1980s, the development of neoliberalism has been observed in Brazil, which has led to the progressive weakening of public policies (including those of education) and the population's impoverishment. In the field of education, there was an increase in the privatization of higher education, inadequate to the requirements of national development, characterizing it more as a commodity than as a right. This article aims to discuss some challenges, risks, and possible strategies to face the impact of the COVID19 pandemic in undergraduate dental education. This pandemic had an immediate and dramatic impact on dental education in more than 130 countries, prompting teachers and students to adopt remote teaching activities. In Brazil, theoretical classes were offered remotely, mainly in private institutions where there was an intensification of academic work for both teachers and students. This process requires support in technological and pedagogical aspects, including tools, resources, and training courses. In the resumption of clinical education, changes in biosafety actions are being proposed to preserve the health of the actors involved. The application of these measures will imply a great mobilization of students, teachers, and technicians and extra attention so that the constitutive dimensions of the teaching-learning process in health are not minimized or forgotten.

Perception of Indian Dental Students to Pursue Higher Education Abroad during COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate Indian dental students' perception of seeking international dental higher education during COVID-19. Material and Methods: We conducted an online survey among the dental students. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared, which had information on country choice, reasons for the decision to study abroad, measures to be taken by the foreign universities because of COVID-19, the application's status, current plan, and opinions on exploring other possibilities. Results: Four hundred students constituted the final sample, out of which the majority were females (69.3%). Most of the students were not sure about their status in the application process (63%). The current plan to study abroad remained uncertain for almost half of the students (50.2%). Concerning the status of the application process, a significantly higher number of female students were "not sure" and are still "searching colleges" (p<0.001). Similarly, a higher number of females were "uncertain" or "postponed" or "canceled" when compared to the males concerning the current plan to study abroad (p=0.001). Also, a significantly higher proportion of female students cited the study budget as the main deterrent for pursuing a career abroad and opined that "flexible study options" will help them get admissions post-COVID-19 (p=0.001 and 0.035). Conclusion: A substantial impact was perceived by Indian dental students concerning higher education abroad, more among females.

COVID-19-Related Challenges in Dental Education: Experiences From Brazil, the USA, and Australia

Abstract Objective: To describe and compare how three dental schools from different countries (Australia, Brazil, and the USA) have managed experiences in dental education during the COVID-19 crisis. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive study reporting the experience that three distinct dental schools faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. They represent countries that adopted different measures to tackle the pandemic and were undergoing different stages of the disease. Results: After the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal University of Paraíba suspended all on-site teaching, research, and service activities. For the return to teaching activities, the use of information and communications technology resources for distance learning was recommended. At the School of Dental Medicine (University of Pittsburgh), all research activities were suspended or, otherwise, could not be interrupted because of the employment of unique materials or supplies. When the pandemic started, Australia was one of the first countries to introduce strong regulations related to social distancing, travel restrictions, testing and tracking of infected patients. As such, the universities started to be closed from mid-March, cancelling all clinical and pre-clinical activities, maintaining online theoretical activities, such as seminars, lectures, and journal clubs. Conclusion: Numerous and critical difficulties have arisen as a result of the pandemic for individuals, communities and institutions that will have long-lasting effects. Our students face disruption to their education and career; our professional colleagues will be challenged rebuilding their practices, while staff at all Dental Schools are experiencing various hardships.

Experiencias compartidas sobre la Maestría en Odontoestomatología Infanto Juvenil en Villa Clara / Shared experiences on the Master's Degree in Dentistry for children and adolescents in Villa Clara

RESUMEN La salud bucal influye en la salud general, particularmente en los niños y jóvenes aún en crecimiento y desarrollo. El Programa Nacional de Atención Estomatológica Integral a la Población los considera grupos priorizados; se ha demostrado que el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de una sociedad está relacionado con los niveles de salud que se alcanzan en la población infantil. Estos motivos sustentan el diseño de la Maestría en Odontoestomatología Infanto Juvenil que se imparte en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Es objetivo de los autores socializar sus buenos resultados, obtenidos con la influencia de un colectivo pedagógico con altas categorías académicas y científicas, quienes han conducido a los maestrantes hacia el logro de una producción científica reconocida; lo cual ha tributado a la certificación de esta forma de superación profesional, la primera de las ciencias médicas villaclareña en alcanzar esta condición.

ABSTRACT Oral health particularly influences general health in children and young people, even in growth and development. The National Program of Comprehensive dentistry Attention to the Population considers them prioritized groups; it has been shown that the improvement of society life quality is related to the levels of health that are reached in the child population. These reasons support the design of the Master ´s course in Children and Adolescent s Dentistry that is taught at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences. The objective of the authors is to socialize their good results, obtained with the influence of a pedagogical group with high academic and scientific ranks, who have led the pupils towards the achievement of a recognized scientific production; which has contributed to the certification of this form of professional improvement, the first of the medical sciences in Villa Clara to achieve this condition.

The impact of Scientific Initiation on the scientific production of graduate students / O impacto da Iniciação Científica na produção bibliográfica de pós-graduandos

Scientific Initiation is a Brazilian undergraduate research programme that aims to awaken the scientific vocation of undergraduate students and to encourage potential talents through their participation in research projects under the guidance of a qualified researcher. This study's purpose was to analyse the scientific production of graduate students based on their previous experience with Scientific Initiation. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted by searching databases of Brazilian public agencies ­ the Sucupira Platform, by the Ministry of Education, and the Lattes Platform, by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. We collected studies published between 2012 and 2018 and included all students and newcomers enrolled in master's degree and PhD programmes. We assessed the number of students enrolled in the Public Health Dentistry Graduate Programme of the São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil. We analysed the number of scientific papers published by each PhD student and observed that PhD students who performed Scientific Initiation (n=19) achieved a higher average of scientific production (p=0.047). In total, 55 master's and PhD students were enrolled in the Public Health Dentistry Graduate Programme; of these, 63.64 percent (n=35) carried out Scientific Initiation during their undergraduate course. It was concluded that graduate students with Scientific Initiation published more papers than those without this experience (AU).

A Iniciação Científica tem como objetivo despertar a vocação científica em estudantes de graduação e incentivar potenciais talentos por meio de sua participação em projetos de pesquisa, sob a orientação de um pesquisador qualificado. Este estudo objetivou analisar a produção científica de pós-graduandos com e sem iniciação científica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, com consulta nas plataformas Sucupira do Ministério da Educação e Lattes do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações no período de 2012 a 2018. No período, foram avaliados o número de alunos de mestrado e doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba. O número de artigos científicos de cada aluno de doutorado com e sem iniciação científica foi analisado. No total, 55 alunos de mestrado e doutorado estavam matriculados no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social, destes 63,64% (n = 35) realizaram iniciação científica durante a graduação. Observou-se também que os estudantes de doutorado que realizaram iniciação científica (n = 19) obtiveram melhor produção científica (p = 0,047). Concluiu-se que os estudantes de pós-graduação com iniciação científica alcançaram um número de publicações mais significativo em comparação com aqueles sem essa experiência (AU).

El seminario integrador "Atención integral al paciente politraumatizado" en la especialidad Cirugía Maxilofacial / The integrative seminar "Comprehensive care for polytraumatized patients" in the specialty of Maxillofacial Surgery

Fundamento: la especialización como variante de formación de posgrado proporciona profundización en los conocimientos y modos de actuación adecuados en áreas particulares de profesiones. Objetivo: valorar la autopreparación de los residentes y su satisfacción con el seminario integrador "Atención integral al paciente politraumatizado" en la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, en el mes de octubre de 2017, durante el desarrollo del seminario integrador "Atención integral al paciente politraumatizado". Se utilizaron como métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empírico: la encuesta en forma de cuestionario a los 11 residentes de la especialidad, y matemático el análisis porcentual. Resultados: referente a la autopreparación de los residentes predominó el uso de libros y presentaciones digitales, fueron consultados artículos nacionales e internacionales. La mayoría usó medios actualizados, y una minoría, textos en inglés. Todos declararon estar Muy satisfechos con la preparación de la profesora. El ítem Preparación para enfrentar el tema obtuvo los mayores porcientos en bastante satisfecho y satisfecho, y solo una minoría expresó estar Muy satisfecho con sus conocimientos al respecto. Conclusiones: en general, la preparación de los residentes para afrontar el seminario integrador resultó adecuada, ellos se sintieron satisfechos con la organización y los conocimientos adquiridos con su impartición; constituyó también una experiencia eficaz para los docentes involucrados.

Background: the specialization as a variant of postgraduate training provides in-depth knowledge and adequate modes of action in particular areas of professions. Objective: to assess the self-preparation of residents and their satisfaction with the integrative seminar "Comprehensive care for the polytraumatized patient" in the specialty of Maxillofacial Surgery. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Havana University of Medical Sciences, in October 2017, during the development of the integrative seminar "Comprehensive care to the polytraumatized patient". As theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; empirical ones: the survey in the form of a questionnaire to the 11 residents of the specialty, and the mathematical one for percentage analysis. Results: regarding the self-preparation of the residents, the use of books and digital presentations predominated, national and international articles were consulted. The majority used updated media, and a minority, texts in English. All declared to be very satisfied with the preparation of the teacher. The preparation item to face the issue obtained the highest percentage in quite satisfied and satisfied, and only a minority expressed being very satisfied with their knowledge about it. Conclusions: in general, the preparation of the residents to face the integrating seminar was adequate, they were satisfied with the organization and the knowledge acquired with its teaching; it was also an effective experience for the teachers involved.

Perceived Stress among Undergraduate Dental Students in Relation to Gender, Clinical Training and Academic Performance.

AIM: This study aimed at evaluating the perceived stress and its sources among undergraduate dental students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected using the DES questionnaire. The overall score of stress and scores by individual domains were described and analyzed by different grouping factors: gender, study level, marital status and GPA. RESULTS: A total of 366 dental students agreed to take a part in this study. Up to 57% of the participants were females. The overall DES score was 1.67 ± 0.45. Female students and married students scored higher stress levels than their counterparts. Stress increased significantly among students as their educational level increased. Inversely, the stress levels were lower in participants with high GPA. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that "Study level" and "Gender" were significant independent determinants of overall DES and, also, most of the stress domains. Forty one percent of the variability in DES score can be explained by these determinants. CONCLUSION: DES among dental students in Jazan University is moderate and slightly higher. It is higher among females and increases significantly with study progression. However, students who had higher GPA showed lower levels of stress. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Reduction and/or relief of stress among dental students will reflect positively on persistence and academic achievement, which will lead to better management and care of patients.

[A glance at the American training mode of the clinical postgraduate students of periodontology through postdoctoral program in periodontics of University of Washington School of Dentistry].

To provide references and recommendations about periodontal professionals training for our country by introducing American training mode of clinical postgraduate students of periodontology. Based on ground visits and surveys of University of Washington School of Dentistry's postdoctoral program in periodontics, the professional training mode and its characteristics which adapt to the development trend of American periodontology were summarized and concluded. The discussion is in the following three parts: the overall status of postgraduate education of periodontology in the United States, the training mode of the clinical postgraduate students of periodontology at University of Washington School of Dentistry, and the observation of the American Academy of Periodontology's annual conferences. This kind of training mode supervised by the American Dental Association, giving priority to clinical practice and emphasizing cultivating the multidisciplinary comprehensive ability are worth learning. Meanwhile, the development trend of periodontology in the United States which pay increasing attention to carry out implant therapy with periodontal features and the adaptive training mode of clinical postgraduate students of periodontology also deserves our deep reflection and can be used for reference.

A glance at the American training mode of the clinical postgraduate students of periodontology through postdoctoral program in periodontics of University of Washington School of Dentistry / 中华口腔医学杂志

To provide references and recommendations about periodontal professionals training for our country by introducing American training mode of clinical postgraduate students of periodontology. Based on ground visits and surveys of University of Washington School of Dentistry's postdoctoral program in periodontics, the professional training mode and its characteristics which adapt to the development trend of American periodontology were summarized and concluded. The discussion is in the following three parts: the overall status of postgraduate education of periodontology in the United States, the training mode of the clinical postgraduate students of periodontology at University of Washington School of Dentistry, and the observation of the American Academy of Periodontology's annual conferences. This kind of training mode supervised by the American Dental Association, giving priority to clinical practice and emphasizing cultivating the multidisciplinary comprehensive ability are worth learning. Meanwhile, the development trend of periodontology in the United States which pay increasing attention to carry out implant therapy with periodontal features and the adaptive training mode of clinical postgraduate students of periodontology also deserves our deep reflection and can be used for reference.